Clickbait is a disinformation technique where an online link (often accompanied by an image) makes a claim so outrageous that a user's curiosity is provoked to click on it. This is used on websites that use a "pay per click" advertising scheme.
Source: “This one weird trick will help you spot clickbait” by TED: “Health headlines are published every day, sometimes making opposite claims from each other. There can be a disconnect between broad, attention-grabbing headlines and the often specific, incremental results of the medical research they cover. So how can you avoid being misled by grabby headlines? Jeff Leek and Lucy McGowan explain how to read past the clickbait.” [Directed by Zedem Media, narrated by Addison Anderson]. (description from the TED website)